Magawo anayi aZovala zosapanga dzimbiri?
1. Teflon
Dzina la Ptfe la Ptfe ndi "teflon", lophweka kapena F4, lomwe limadziwika kuti ndi mfumu ya ma pulasitiki. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosagonjetsedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma piol amadzimadzi, makina osinthana ndi zida zina zam'madzi. Zinthu zoyenera kusindikizidwa.
Tetrafluorovylene ndi amodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi masiku ano, chifukwa chake kuli koyenera "kwa Mfumu yapulasitiki". Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu sing'anga iliyonse kwakanthawi, ndipo kupanga kwathetsa mavuto ambiri m'munda wa dziko langa, petroleum, mankhwala. Teflon Zisindikizo, ma gaskets. Zisindikizo za Polytetrafloeneene, ma gasketi, ndi ma gaskisoni osindikizidwa amapangidwa kuti aimitsidwa polytetrafluofene. Poyerekeza ndi pulasitiki ena, PTF ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri kukana mankhwala ndi kukana kutentha kwa kutentha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zinthu zopikisana ndi zodzaza.
Ndiopanga polymer yopangidwa ndi polymerization wa tetrafluoruthylene. Ili ndi bata labwino la mankhwala, kuponderezana kwamphamvu, mafuta ochulukirapo, osabereka, osakhazikika, kusokonezeka kwamagetsi komanso kukana kwabwino kukalamba. Itha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pamtunda wa +250℃mpaka -180℃. Kupatula pa solten sodium ndi madzi a fluorine, imatha kupirira mankhwala ena onse. Sizisintha mukawiritsa mu Aqua Rego.
Pakadali pano, mitundu yonse ya zinthu za PTFF yachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pazachuma monga mankhwala, makina, zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe ndi milatho. Chingwe chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
2. Carbon
Carbon fiber ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino za mpweya ndi zomwe zili ndi mpweya zoposa 90%. Zida za C / C zophatikizika zopangidwa ndi izi ndi malo amodzi mwa zinthu zosagonjetseka kwambiri.
Carbon fiber ndi mtundu watsopano wamphamvu kwambiri, mbiya yapamwamba kwambiri yokhala ndi miboni yoposa 95%. Ndi ma graphite a graphite chinthu chojambulidwa ndi kupindika mosiyanasiyana ma mickury ma mickurstrals ndi ulusi wina wamkaka motsogozedwa ndi chitsogozo cha fiber, ndikuthandizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso othandizira. Carbon fiber ndi "wosinthika kunja ndikukhazikika mkati". Mtundu wake ndi wopepuka kuposa wa zitsulo zitsulo aluminiyamu, koma mphamvu zake ndizokwera kuposa zitsulo. Ilinso ndi machitidwe omwe amakana kuwononga ndi modulus yayitali. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri podzitchinjiriza padziko lonse, usirikali ndi zochitika zaboma. Sikuti ndi mikhalidwe yopanda mphamvu ya kaboni, komanso imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa a ulusi. Ndi m'badwo watsopano wolimbikitsa ulusi.
Carbon fiber ili ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino. Carbon fiber ili ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso modulus, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kutentha kwamphamvu, komanso kusakaniza kwabwino komanso kusakaniza. Pakati pa zitsulo, kulumikizana kwa matenthedwe ndi ochepa komanso anisotropic, kukana kwa chimbudzi ndikwabwino, ndipo kufala kwa X-ray ndikwabwino. Zochita zamagetsi komanso zamagetsi, zotetezera zabwino zamagetsi, etc.
Poyerekeza ndi chivindikiriro chagalasi, modulus ya kaboni ya kaboni ndi yoposa katatu; Poyerekeza ndi Kevlar Fib, modzus ya wachinyamatayo ili pafupifupi 2 nthawi, ndipo samatupa kapena kutupa, ma asidi, ndi alkalis. Kukana kwakukulu kutumphuka.
3. Mkulu wa mkuwa
Oxide ya mkuwa pakadali pano zinthu zosalimbana kwambiri. Sweden kwakhala mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pamunda wa zinyalala za nyukiliya. Tsopano dzikolo'Maphunziro a maphunziro akugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chatsopano chopangidwa ndi mkuwa oxide kuti asunge zinyalala za nyukiliya, zomwe zimatha kutsimikizira kusungidwa kwa zaka 100,000.
Copper Oxide ndi oxide wakuda wa mkuwa, pang'ono pomporahilic komanso hygroscopic. Matenda a culecular ndi 79.545, kachulukidwe ndi 6.3 ~ 6.9 g / cm3, ndipo malo osungunuka ndi 1326℃. Ndizopanda mphamvu m'madzi ndi Mowa, sungunuka mu asidi, ammonium chloride ndi potaziyamu cyazide yankho. Imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono mu njira ya Amoni ndipo imatha kuchitira ndi alkali. Oxide ya mkuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupanga a rayon, ma ceramic, zigawenga, ma batters, zotupa, komanso galasi lobiriwira.
4. Platinamu
Platinamu ndi yokhazikika komanso yosakhazikika ndi hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid ndi acid acid ndi firiji. Amatchedwa "chitsulo chosagwira ntchito kwambiri", koma chimasungunuka ku Aqua Rego. Titanium ndikosavuta kupanga filimu yotchinga ya Titanium oxide, kotero chubu cha Titanium chimatengedwa kuti ndimasulidwe ku chimbudzi ndi kukokoloka.
Platinamu ndi chitsulo choyera choyera. Platinamu anasintha kuwala kodabwitsa mu mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu kuyambira 700 BC. M'zaka zopitilira 2000 za kugwiritsa ntchito platina, nthawi zonse zimawonedwa ngati chimodzi mwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe cha platinamu ndi chokhazikika kwambiri, sichiwonongeka kapena chimafalikira chifukwa cha kuvala tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zokhumudwitsa zake zimakhala zofanana nthawi zonse. Ngakhale zitayamba kulumikizana ndi zinthu za acidic wamba m'moyo, zonga sulufule mu akasupe otentha, kapena thukuta, sizingakhudzidwe, kotero mutha kuvala zodzikongoletsera za platinam nthawi iliyonse. Ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji, platinamu imatha kukhalabe ndi chilengedwe chake chachilengedwe ndipo sichidzazimiririka.
Post Nthawi: Sep-24-2021