Yiziphi izigaba ezine zeama-bolts ensimbi engagqwali?
1. I-teflon
Igama lokuhweba le-PTFE yi- "Teflon", i-PTFE elula noma i-F4, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yinkosi yamapulasitiki. Ungenye yezinto zokuqinisa zokugqwala kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla. Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapayipi kagesi owuketshezi, ukushintshaniswa kokushisa kanye nokunye ukuxhumana kwemishini yokuqukethwe. Izinto ezinhle zokubopha uphawu.
I-TetrafluorooroethYlenene ingenye yezinto zokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla, ngakho-ke inedumela le- "King Plastic". Ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwendlela yamakhemikhali isikhathi eside, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuxazulule izinkinga eziningi kumakhemikhali wezwe lami, ephelile, emikhakheni kanye nezinye izinkambu. Izimpawu zeTeflon, ama-gaskets, ama-gaskets. Ama-PolytetraFlooroethylene Seals, ama-gaskets, kanye nama-gaskets abopha uphawu enziwe ukumiswa kwe-polymerized polytetrafluoroethleene resin. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapulasitiki, i-PTFE inezimpawu zokumelana kahle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokumelana nokushisa. Kusetshenziswe kabanzi njengezinto zokubopha nokugcwalisa.
Ikhompiyutha ye-polymer eyakhiwe yi-polymerization ye-tetrafluoroethylelene. Inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, umoya, ukuthambisa okuphezulu, okunganamatheli, ukufakwa kukagesi nokumelana okuhle kokuguga. Kungasebenzela isikhathi eside ekushiseni kwengu- +250℃kuya -180℃. Ngaphandle kwe-molten metal sodium ne-fluorine ekhilimu, ingamelana nawo wonke amanye amakhemikhali. Ngeke iguquke lapho ibilisiwe e-aqua regia.
Njengamanje, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-PTFE zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke onjengemboni yamakhemikhali, imishini, ama-elekthronikhi, impahla kagesi, imboni yezempi, ukuvikelwa kwezemvelo kanye namabhuloho. isikulufa sensimbi engagqwali
2. I-Carbon fiber
I-Carbon Fibre iyindlela ye-carbon enobuhlakani enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezu kwama-90%. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-C / C ezakhiwa yizo futhi i-resin ingenye yezinto zokulwa nokugqwala kakhulu.
I-Carbon Fiber uhlobo olusha lwamandla aphezulu, i-high-modulus fiber enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezu kwama-95%. Kuyinto impahla ye-graphite ye-microcrystalline etholwe ngokuthwebula i-flake graphite microcrystals neminye imicu ye-organic kanye ne-fiber axial indlela, futhi isebenza nge-carbonization kanye nokwelashwa kokuqhakaza. I-Carbon fiber "ivumelana nezimo ngaphandle futhi iqinile ngaphakathi". Ikhwalithi yayo ilula ukwedlula leyo ye-aluminium yensimbi, kepha amandla ayo aphakeme kunaleyo yensimbi. Iphinde ibe nezimpawu zokumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-modulus ephezulu. Kuyinto ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezwe lonke, izicelo zezempi nezempi. Akugcini nje ngezici zemvelo zezinto zokwakha zekhabhoni, kepha futhi kunokwenza ukuqina okuthambile kwemicu yendwangu. Kuyisizukulwane esisha sokuqinisa imicu.
I-Carbon fiber inezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu. I-carbon fiber inamandla aphezulu axex kanye ne-modulus, ukuqina okuphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, akukho ukumelana okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, nokuvuselelwa okuqondile nokushisa kwayo okuphakathi nendawo okusobala kuphakathi kwensimbi nengeyona eyensimbi. Phakathi kwezinsimbi, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal incane futhi i-anisotropic, ukumelana nokugqwala kuhle, futhi ukuhanjiswa kwe-x-ray kuhle. Ukusebenza okuhle ngogesi nokushisayo, ukuvikelwa okuhle kwe-electromagnetic, njll.
Qhathanisa ne-fiber yendabuko yendabuko, i-modulus yoMncane ye-carbon fiber ingaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-3; Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-kevlar fiber, i-modulus ye-Yout icishe ibe izikhathi ezi-2, futhi ayivuvukalanga noma ivuvukale ku-organic solvents, ama-acid, kanye ne-alkalis. Ukumelana okuvelele kokugqwala.
3. I-Copper oxide
I-Copper Oxide njengamanje impahla engazweli kakhulu. ISweden ibilokhu ingumholi wezwe emkhakheni wokulahla imfucuza yenuzi. Manje izwe'Abachwepheshe be-S basebenzisa isitsha esisha esenziwe ngeCopper Oxide ukugcina imfucumfucu yenuzi, engakuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuphephile iminyaka eyi-100,000.
I-Copper oxide iyi-oxide emnyama yethusi, i-amphiphilic kancane futhi i-hygroscopic kancane. Isihlobo se-molecular molecular singama-79.545, ubuningi ngu-6.3 ~ 6.9 g / cm3, kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika lingu-1326℃. Kuyintongawoki emanzini ne-ethanol, incibilika in acid, ammonium chloride kanye ne-potassium cyanide solution. Incibilikisa kancane e-ammonia solution futhi ingasabela nge-alkali eqinile. I-Copper Oxide isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza i-rayon, ubumba, ama-glamics kanye nama-enales, amabhethri, ama-petroleum deselfurfizers, ama-pesticides, kanye nengilazi eluhlaza.
4. IPlatinamu
IPlatinamu iqinile ngamakhemikhali futhi ayisebenzisana ne-hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid kanye nama-organic acid ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Metal evimbela kakhulu kakhulu", kepha inyuka e-Aqua Regia. I-Titanium kulula ukwakha ifilimu elizinzile elivikelayo le-titanium oxide, ngakho-ke ishubhu le-titanium epholile libhekwa njengelikhululekile ekugculiseni nasekuguguleni.
IPlatinamu yenzeka ngokwemvelo yensimbi eyigugu emhlophe ngokwemvelo. IPlatinamu yakhanyisa isibani esikhazimulayo emlandweni wempucuko yabantu kusukela ngo-700 BC. Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2 000 yokusebenzisa komuntu iplatinamu, bekulokhu kuthathwa njengenye yezinsimbi eziyigugu kakhulu.
Uhlobo lweplatinamu luzinze kakhulu, ngeke luhlanze noma luphele ngenxa yokugqoka kwansuku zonke, futhi i-luster yayo ihlala ifana. Noma kuhlangana nezinto ezijwayelekile ze-acidic empilweni, ezinjengesibabule eziphepheni ezishisayo, i-bleach, chlorine emachibini okubhukuda, noma izithukuthuku, ngeke zithinteke, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukugqoka ubucwebe beplatinamu ngokuzethemba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Akunandaba ukuthi kugqoke isikhathi esingakanani, iplatinamu ingahlala igcina i-luster emhlophe emhlophe yemvelo futhi ayisoze yaphela.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Sep-24-2021